What Is a Slipped Disc?

The spine contains soft intervertebral discs between the vertebrae that provide cushioning and help the spine move comfortably. A slipped disc, also known as a herniated or prolapsed disc, occurs when part of a disc protrudes or herniates and may irritate or compress a nearby spinal nerve.

A herniated disc can occur in different areas of the spine but commonly affects the lower back (lumbar spine) or neck (cervical spine). Symptoms vary depending on the location of the disc and whether a nerve is being compressed.

Common Symptoms

A slipped disc may cause:

• Lower back or neck pain
• Pain radiating into an arm or leg
• Sciatica
• Numbness or tingling
• Muscle weakness
• Difficulty with certain movements
• Pain aggravated by coughing, bending, or prolonged sitting

Some disc herniations may also be discovered on imaging without causing significant symptoms.

Diagnosis and Assessment

Diagnosis usually begins with a detailed history and neurological examination. The doctor may evaluate strength, sensation, reflexes, movement, and the distribution of pain.

An MRI scan can help identify the affected disc, determine the extent of herniation, and show whether nearby nerves or the spinal cord are compressed.

Treatment Options

Many patients with a slipped disc can initially be managed without surgery. Depending on the clinical findings, treatment may include:

• Appropriate medication
• Activity modification
• Physiotherapy and rehabilitation
• Lifestyle and posture guidance
• Clinical monitoring

Surgical treatment may be considered when there is persistent disabling pain despite appropriate conservative treatment, significant nerve compression, progressive weakness, or other neurological problems.

The type of procedure depends on the location and nature of the disc problem. Where appropriate, minimally invasive spinal techniques may also be considered.

The objective is not simply to treat an abnormal scan but to correlate imaging with the patient’s symptoms and neurological findings, relieve clinically significant nerve compression, and support safe recovery and return to everyday activities.